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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n. It is used in papermaking, textile warp sizing, as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing. It is colourless (white) and odorless. It is commonly supplied as beads or as solutions in water. Without an externally added crosslinking agent, PVA solution can be gelled through repeated freezing-thawing, yielding highly strong, ultrapure, biocompatible hydrogels which have been used for a variety of applications such as vascular stents, cartilages, contact lenses, etc.Although polyvinyl alcohol is often referred to by the acronym PVA, more generally PVA refers to polyvinyl acetate, which is commonly used as a wood adhesive and sealer.

Whether we're doing laundry or running a dishwasher, most of us are familiar with detergent products that come in a pod. In this post, we'll look at the material used to make these pods, polyvinyl alcohol.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer noted for its water solubility. It’s derived from the chemical breakdown of polyvinyl acetate through water, or a process called hydrolysis. Due to being water-soluble, it’s considered an environment-friendly compound, useful across various industries. Polyvinyl alcohol is present in most consumer goods today. It’s a valuable compound used by different industries to enhance their products’ quality, function, and efficacy. These significant improvements revolutionise production and consumption.  That said, here are six industrial applications of polyvinyl alcohol.  

PVA is sometimes confused with polyvinyl acetate (aka PVA or PVAc – a wood glue), an easy enough mistake to make given they sometimes go by the same acronym. PVA is also sometimes thought to be related to polyvinyl chloride (aka PVC – the poison plastic). We wanted to make it clear that even though they all contain the word “polyvinyl” and are all types of polymers, they are all indeed very different substances.

Polyvinyl alcohol is a finishing agent used in household cleaning products. In food, it can be a glazing agent or thickener. It is also used as a lubricant to relieve dry or irritated eyes.[2] The ingredient can be found in makeup, face masks, moisturizer, and other personal care products; it can also be a barrier against CO2 in certain kinds of plastic bottles.[3,4] In laundry detergent it helps prevent dirt from getting back into fabrics during washing.[5] We use the ingredient in our dishwasher detergent powder because it dissolves in water, which facilitates the production of individual packets. It is not an active cleaning ingredient.

PVA is unique among polymers (chemical compounds made up of large, multiple-unit molecules) in that it is not built up in polymerization reactions from single-unit precursor molecules known as monomers. Instead, PVA is made by dissolving another polymer, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), in an alcohol such as methanol and treating it with an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide. The resulting hydrolysis, or “alcoholysis,” reaction removes the acetate groups from the PVAc molecules without disrupting their long-chain structure.