1. Cellulose ether
Ko te Ether Cellulose te ingoa whanui o te raupapa o nga hua ka puta mai i te tauhohenga o te cellulose alkali me te kaihoko etherifying i raro i etahi tikanga. Ko te cellulose alkali ka whakakapihia e nga momo etherifying agents ki te whiwhi i nga momo ether cellulose. E ai ki nga ahuatanga o te ionization o nga mea whakakapi, ka taea te wehea nga eter cellulose ki te momo katote (pēnei i te carboxymethyl cellulose) me te momo kore-ionic (pēnei i te methyl cellulose). E ai ki nga momo whakakapinga, ka taea te wehea nga etera cellulose ki nga monoethers (pēnei i te methyl cellulose) me nga eter whakauru (pēnei i te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). E ai ki nga rereke rereke, ka taea te wehewehe ki te wairewa wai (pēnei i te hydroxyethyl cellulose) me te whakarewa whakarewa (penei i te ethyl cellulose). Ko te moata whakauru maroke ko te nuinga o te wai wairewa cellulose, a ka taea te wehea te cellulose wairewa wai ki te momo inamata me te momo whakaroa i muri i te maimoatanga mata.
Ko te tikanga mahi o te cellulose ether i roto i te kumete e whai ake nei:
(1) I muri i te rewa o te cellulose ether i roto i te kumete i roto i te wai, ko te tohatoha whai hua me te riterite o nga mea cimentitious i roto i te punaha ka whakapumautia na te mahi o te mata. Ka rite ki te colloid tiaki, te cellulose ether "ka takai" nga matūriki totoka me te hanga i te paparanga o te whakahinuhinu kiriata i runga i tona mata o waho, e hanga te pūnaha kumete atu pūmau, me te whakapai ake hoki te rere o te kumete i roto i te tukanga ranu me te maeneene o. te hanga.
(2) Na te ahua o te hanganga rapoi o te otinga cellulose ether, kaore i te ngawari te ngaro o te wai i roto i te kumete, a ka tukuna i roto i te waa roa, ka pai te pupuri i te wai me te mahi.
1.1.1 Methylcellulose (MC)
Ka tukuna te miro parakore ki te kawakawa, ka whakaritea te etera cellulose na roto i te raupapa o nga tauhohenga me te methyl chloride hei kaihoko whakakoi. Ko te tikanga, ko te tohu whakakapinga ko te 1.6~2.0, ka rereke te whakarewatanga ki te tohu whakakapinga. No te ether cellulose kore-ionic.
(1) Ko te Methylcellulose he wairewa i roto i te wai makariri, engari he uaua ki te memeha i roto i te wai wera, a ko tana otinga wai he pumau i roto i te awhe pH=3~12. He pai te hototahitanga ki te māngaro, te kapia guar me te maha o nga surfactants. Ka tae te pāmahana ki te pāmahana reera, ka puta te ahuatanga o te reera.
(2) Ko te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te taapiri, te pokey, te pai o te matūriki me te tere memeha. Ko te tikanga, he tiketike te reiti pupuri wai me te nui o te taapiri, te paku iti me te nui o te pokey. Ko te nui o te taapiri he nui te awe ki runga i te reiti pupuri wai, a, kaore i te rite te pokey ki te reeti pupuri wai. Ko te tere o te whakakore i te nuinga ka whakawhirinaki ki te tohu whakarereke o te mata me te pai o te matūriki o te matūriki cellulose. I roto i nga ethers cellulose i runga ake nei, ko te methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose he nui ake te pupuri wai.
(3) Ko te huringa o te pāmahana ka tino pa ki te reiti pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose. Ko te tikanga, ka nui ake te pāmahana, ka kino te pupuri wai. Ki te nui ake te pāmahana kumete ki te 40 ℃, ka tino kino te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose, ka tino pa ki te mahi o te kumete.
(4) Ka kitea te awe o te Methylcellulose ki te kaha mahi me te piri o te kumete. Ko te “adhesiveness” i konei e pa ana ki te kaha piri i waenga i nga taputapu peita a nga kaimahi me te papa o te pakitara, ara, te parenga kutikuti o te moata. He nui te adhesiveness, he nui te parenga kutikuti o te moata, me te kaha e hiahiatia ana e nga kaimahi i roto i te tukanga whakamahi he nui ano hoki, na reira he kino te hanga o te moata. I roto i nga hua cellulose ether, ko te piri o te methyl cellulose kei te taumata waenga.
1.1.2 Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)
Ko te Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) he momo cellulose kei te tere haere te hua me te inenga i nga tau tata nei. He katote-kore te cellulose i konatunatua te etera i hangaia mai i te miro parakore i muri i te maimoatanga whakamaaramatanga, ma te whakamahi i te epoxy propane me te methyl chloride hei kaihoko whakaetere na roto i te raupapa tauhohenga. Ko te tohu o te whakakapinga ko te tikanga 1.2~2.0. He rereke ona ahuatanga i runga i te wahanga o te ihirangi methoxy me te ihirangi hydroxypropyl.
(1) He ngawari te wairewa Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ki te wai matao, engari he uaua ki te memeha ki te wai wera. Heoi ano, he tino teitei ake te pāmahana reera i roto i te wai wera i tera o te methyl cellulose. Ka whakatauritea ki te methyl cellulose, ka tino pai ake te whakarewatanga o te wai matao.
(2) Ko te viscosity o te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose e pa ana ki tona taimaha ngota, a, ko te teitei o te taimaha o te ngota, ko te teitei ake o te viscosity. Ka pa ano te pawera ki tona pokey, ka heke te pokey ina kake te pāmahana. Heoi, he iti ake te paanga o te pokey me te pāmahana i tera o te methyl cellulose. He pūmau te otinga i te pāmahana rūma.
(3) Ko te pupuri wai o te HPMC kei runga i te nui o te taapiri me te pokey, me te reiti pupuri wai he teitei ake i tera o te methyl cellulose i te nui o te taapiri.
(4) Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he pumau ki nga waikawa me nga turanga, a, ko tana otinga wai he pumau i roto i te awhe o te pH = 2 ~ 12. He iti te paanga o te houra me te wai kotakota ki ana mahi, engari ka taea e te kawakore te whakatere i te reiti memeha me te whakapai ake i te titi pokey. Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he pumau ki nga tote noa, engari ka nui te kukū o te wairewa tote, ka piki ake te pokey o te otinga hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ka taea te konatunatua ki te wai-wairewa macromolecular pūhui ki te hanga i te otinga ōrite ki te pokey teitei. Pērā i te waipiro polyvinyl, te māngaro ether, te kāpia huawhenua, aha atu.
(6) Ko te Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose he pai ake te aukati i te methyl cellulose, a he iti ake te kaha o te whakahekenga enzymatic o tana otinga i tera o te methyl cellulose.
(7) Ko te piri o te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ki te hanga kumete he teitei ake i tera o te methyl cellulose.
1.1.3 Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Ka rite te miro parakore ma te tauhohenga ki te ethylene oxide hei kaihoko whakakoi i te aroaro o te acetone i muri i te maimoatanga alkali. Ko te tohu o te whakakapinga ko te tikanga 1.5~2.0. He kaha te hydrophilicity me te ngawari ki te tango i te makuku.
(1) He wairewa te Hydroxyethyl cellulose ki te wai matao, engari he uaua ki te memeha ki te wai wera. He pūmau te otinga i te pāmahana teitei, ā, karekau he rawa reera. Ka taea te whakamahi mo te wa roa i raro i te wera reo me te teitei o te kumete, engari he iti ake te pupuri i te wai i tera o te methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose he pumau ki nga waikawa me nga turanga noa. Ka taea e te Alkali te whakatere i tana whakakorenga me te whakapai ake i tona pokey. Ko tona mararatanga i roto i te wai he paku kino atu i tera o te methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) He pai te mahi a Hydroxyethyl cellulose ki te whakaheke i te kumete, engari he wa roa mo te raima.
(4) Ko te mahi o te hydroxyethyl cellulose i hangaia e etahi umanga a-whare he tino iti iho i tera o te methyl cellulose na te nui o te wai me te pungarehu.
1.1.4 Carboxymethyl cellulose
Ko te ether cellulose katote ka rite mai i nga muka taiao (katunu, me etahi atu) i muri i te maimoatanga kawakore, ma te whakamahi i te konutai monochloroacetate hei kaihoko etherifying, me te maha o nga tauhohenga. Ko tana tohu whakakapinga ko te nuinga o te 0.4 ~ 1.4, a ko tana mahi ka tino pa ki te tohu o te whakakapi.
(1) Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose he tino hygroscopic, a he nui te wai kei roto ina rongoa i raro i nga tikanga whanui.
(2) Ko te wairewa wai carboxymethyl cellulose e kore e puta he ra, ka heke te pokey ki te piki o te pāmahana. Ka nui ake te mahana ki te 50 ℃, kare e taea te huri te pokey.
(3) Ko tona pumau ka tino pa ki te pH. Ko te tikanga, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te kumete i runga i te gypsum, engari kaua i roto i te moata ciment. I roto i te alkalinity teitei, ka ngaro te pokey.
(4) He iti ake te pupuri wai i to te methyl cellulose. He paheketanga ki runga i te moata gypsum me te whakaheke i tona kaha. Engari, he iti rawa te utu o te carboxymethyl cellulose i to te methyl cellulose.
2. Redispersible polymer paura
Ko te paura rapa redispersible he mea hanga ki te wai waerau motuhake ma te whakamaroke rehu. I te wa o te tukatuka, ko te colloid whakamarumaru me te kaihoko whakamaroke anti ka noho hei taapiri nui. Ko te paura rapa maroke he 80~100mm matūriki porohita kua huihuia. Ka taea e enei matūriki te wairewa i roto i te wai me te hanga i te marara pumau he paku nui ake i nga matūriki hinu hinu taketake. Ko tenei marara ka hanga he kiriata i muri i te whakamaroketanga me te whakamaroke. Ko tenei kiriata e kore e taea te huri penei i te hanga kiriata o te wai horoi noa, karekau e marara ki te marara ina tutaki ki te wai.
Ka taea te wehea te paura rapa redispersible ki te styrene butadiene copolymer, te tertiary ethylene carbonate copolymer, ethylene acetic acid copolymer, me etahi atu, i runga i tenei kaupapa, ka taea te hono i te silicon organic me te vinyl laurate hei whakapai ake i te mahi. Ko nga momo whakarereketanga rereke ka rereke nga ahuatanga o te paura rapa redispersible penei i te parenga wai, te parenga alkali, te parenga huarere me te ngawari. Kei roto te vinyl laurate me te silicon organic, ka taea e te paura rapa he hydrophobicity pai. He iti te uara Tg me te ngawari o te warowaiwao ethylene teitei. Ko te whakamahinga o enei paura i roto i te kumete he paheketanga o te waahi o te waahi o te ciment, engari he iti ake te painga o te whakamaarama i to te tono tika o te hinu rite. He rereke, he nui ake te awe o te styrene butadiene i te ethylene vinyl acetate. Mena he iti rawa te inenga, kaore e kitea te pai ake o te mahi moata.
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Wā tuku: Oketopa-24-2022