1. Iselulosi ether
I-ether ye-cellulose ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso eziveliswa yi-reaction ye-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile. I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo ngama-agent ahlukeneyo e-etherifying ukufumana ii-ethers ze-cellulose ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kweempawu ze-ionization ze-substituents, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic type (efana ne-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye nohlobo lwe-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose). Ngokweentlobo zezinto ezibambeleyo, i-cellulose ethers inokohlulwa ibe yi-monothers (efana ne-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-ether exutyiweyo (efana ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ngokwe-dissolubility eyahlukeneyo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-solubility yamanzi (efana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-organic solvent solubility (efana ne-ethyl cellulose). Udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo luyi-cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini, kwaye i-cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini inokohlulwa ibe luhlobo olukhawulezileyo kunye nohlobo lonyibiliko lokulibaziseka emva konyango lomphezulu.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-cellulose ether kudaka ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Emva kokuba i-ether ye-cellulose kwi-mortar ichithwe emanzini, ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kunye okufanayo kwezinto ze-cementitious kwinkqubo kuqinisekiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi ongaphezulu. Njenge-colloid ekhuselayo, i-ether cellulose "isonga" amasuntswana aqinileyo kwaye yenze umaleko wefilimu yokuthambisa kwindawo yayo yangaphandle, eyenza inkqubo yodaka izinze ngakumbi, kwaye ikwaphucula ukuqukuqela kodaka kwinkqubo yokuxuba kunye nokugudiswa kodaka. ulwakhiwo.
(2) Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo seemolekyuli zesisombululo se-cellulose ether, amanzi kumdaka akulula ukulahlekelwa, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe akhululwe kwixesha elide, enika udaka oluhle lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza.
1.1.1 I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Umqhaphu ococekileyo uphathwa nge-alkali, kwaye i-ether ye-cellulose ilungiswe ngoluhlu lweempendulo kunye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherifying agent. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqondo lokutshintshwa yi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kwaye ukunyibilika kuyahluka kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa. yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose i-soluble emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukunyibilika emanzini ashushu, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kuluhlu lwe-pH = 3 ~ 12. Iyahambelana kakuhle nestatshi, iguar gum kunye nee-surfactants ezininzi. Xa iqondo lokushisa lifikelela kwiqondo lokushisa le-gel, i-gel phenomenon iya kwenzeka.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuxhomekeke kwisixa sokongeza, i-viscosity, i-particle fineness kunye nesantya sokuchithwa. Ngokubanzi, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu kunye nesixa esikhulu sokongeza, i-fineness encinci kunye ne-viscosity enkulu. Isixa esongezelelweyo sinempembelelo enkulu kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye i-viscosity ayikho ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Isantya sokuchithwa sixhomekeke ikakhulu kwiqondo lokuguqulwa komphezulu kunye ne-particle fineness yamasuntswana e-cellulose. Phakathi kwezi ether ze-cellulose ezingentla, i-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu.
(3) Ukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu kuyakuchaphazela kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-methyl cellulose. Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubi. Ukuba ubushushu bodaka bungaphezulu kwe-40 ℃, ipropathi yokugcina amanzi ye-methyl cellulose iya kuba mbi kakhulu, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ngokunzulu ukusebenza kodaka.
(4) I-Methylcellulose inefuthe elicacileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nokunamathela kodaka. “Ukuncamatheliswa” apha kubhekiselele kumandla okuncamathelisa okuvakala phakathi kwezixhobo zokupeyinta zabasebenzi kunye nenxalenye yodonga, oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa kokucheba kodaka. I-adhesiveness inkulu, ukuxhathisa kwe-shear yodaka kukhulu, kwaye amandla afunwa ngabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa nawo mkhulu, ngoko ke ukwakhiwa kodaka kubi. Kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether, i-adhesion ye-methyl cellulose ikwinqanaba eliphakathi.
1.1.2 I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)
IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) luhlobo lweselulosi esivuno sayo kunye nedosi zinyuka ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka yakutsha nje. Yi-ether engeyiyo ionic cellulose exutywe ne-ether eyenziwe kwikotoni esulungekileyo emva konyango lwe-alkalization, isebenzisa i-epoxy propane kunye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherifying agent ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweempendulo. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.2 ~ 2.0. Iimpawu zayo zihluke ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo womxholo we-methoxy kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropyl.
(1) IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inyibilika ngokulula emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilika emanzini ashushu. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu bayo bejeli emanzini ashushu buphezulu kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-methyl cellulose, ukunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo kuphuculwe kakhulu.
(2) I-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inxulumene nobunzima bayo be-molecular, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-molecular weight, iphezulu i-viscosity. Iqondo lokushisa liya kuchaphazela i-viscosity yayo, kwaye i-viscosity iya kuncipha xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo ye-viscosity ephezulu kunye nobushushu buphantsi kune-methyl cellulose. Isisombululo sizinzile kwiqondo lokushisa.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-HPMC kuxhomekeke kwisixa-mali sayo esongeziweyo kunye ne-viscosity, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu kunelo le-methyl cellulose ngexabiso elifanayo lokongeza.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-acids kunye neziseko, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kuluhlu lwe-pH = 2 ~ 12. I-Caustic soda kunye namanzi e-lime anempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali inokukhawulezisa izinga lokuchithwa kwayo kunye nokuphucula i-viscosity pin. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwiityuwa eziqhelekileyo, kodwa xa ukuxinwa kwesisombululo setyuwa kuphezulu, i-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose isisombululo ivame ukunyuka.
(5) I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inokuxutywa kunye ne-macromolecular compounds enyibilikayo emanzini ukwenza isisombululo esifanayo kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Okufana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-gum yemifuno, njl.
(6) I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inokumelana ne-enzyme engcono kune-methyl cellulose, kunye nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuchithwa kwe-enzymatic yesisombululo sayo kuncinci kune-methyl cellulose.
(7) Ukuncamathiselwa kwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose kulwakhiwo lodaka kuphezulu kunolo lwe-methyl cellulose.
1.1.3 Iselulosi yeHydroxyethyl (HEC)
Ikotoni ecocekileyo ilungiswe ngokuphendula nge-ethylene oxide njenge-etherifying agent phambi kwe-acetone emva kokunyanga kwe-alkali. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo kwaye kulula ukufunxa ukufuma.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilika emanzini ashushu. Isisombululo sizinzile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye asinayo impahla ye-gel. Ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide phantsi kobushushu obuphakathi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bodaka, kodwa ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphantsi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile kwii-asidi eziqhelekileyo kunye neziseko. I-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukuchithwa kwayo kwaye iphucule kancinci i-viscosity yayo. I-dispersibility yayo emanzini imbi kancinane kune-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Iselulosi yeHydroxyethyl inokusebenza kakuhle kwi-anti sagging yodaka, kodwa inexesha elide lokubuyiswa kwesamente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose eveliswa ngamanye amashishini asekhaya isezantsi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi kunye nomxholo wothuthu.
1.1.4 Carboxymethyl cellulose
I-ionic cellulose ether ilungiswa ukusuka kwimicu yendalo (ikotoni, njl.) emva kokunyangwa kwe-alkali, usebenzisa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherifying agent, kunye noluhlu lweempendulo. Iqondo layo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi li-0.4 ~ 1.4, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yinqanaba lokutshintshwa.
(1) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic kakhulu, kwaye iya kuba nesixa esikhulu samanzi xa igcinwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
(2) Isisombululo se-carboxymethyl cellulose samanzi asiyi kuvelisa i-gel, kwaye i-viscosity iya kuncipha ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Xa ubushushu bungaphezu kwama-50 ℃, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.
(3) Ukuzinza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yi-pH. Ngokubanzi, ingasetyenziswa kudaka olusekwe kwigypsum, kodwa hayi kudaka olusekwe kwisamente. Kwi-alkalinity ephezulu, i-viscosity iya kulahleka.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphantsi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inefuthe elibambekayo kwi-gypsum based mortar kwaye inciphisa amandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-carboxymethyl cellulose liphantsi kakhulu kunelo le-methyl cellulose.
2. Umgubo wepolymer owenziwe ngokutsha
Umgubo werabha odispersible wenziwa ngelotion ekhethekileyo yepolymer ngokumisa isitshizi. Ngexesha lokucubungula, i-colloid ekhuselayo kunye ne-anti-hardening agent iba izongezo eziyimfuneko. Umgubo werabha omisiweyo umalunga nama-80 ~ 100mm amasuntswana angqukuva aqokelelwe ndawonye. La masuntswana anokunyibilika emanzini kwaye enze ukusasazwa okuzinzileyo okungaphezulu kancinane kunamasuntswana eloshini yoqobo. Oku kusasazeka kuya kwenza ifilimu emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi kunye nokomisa. Le filimu ayinakuguqulwa njengokwakheka kwefilimu yeloshini eqhelekileyo, kwaye ayiyi kusasazeka kwindawo yokusasazeka xa idibana namanzi.
I-powder ye-rubber e-dispersible ingahlulwa ibe yi-styrene butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary ethylene carbonate copolymer, i-ethylene acetic acid copolymer, njl. Amanyathelo okuguqula ahlukeneyo enza i-powder yerabha enokuchithwa kwakhona ibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuchasana kwamanzi, ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali, ukuchasana kwemozulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Iqulethe i-vinyl laurate kunye ne-silicon ephilayo, enokwenza ukuba i-rubber powder ibe ne-hydrophobicity enhle. I-highly branched ethylene tertiary carbonate inexabiso eliphantsi le-Tg kunye nokuguquguquka okulungileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi powders kwi-mortar kunempembelelo yokunciphisa ixesha lokumisela i-samente, kodwa umphumo wokunciphisa umncinci kunelo lokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-lotion efanayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, impembelelo ebambekayo ye-styrene butadiene inkulu kune-ethylene vinyl acetate. Ukuba idosi incinci kakhulu, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kodaka akucaci.
I-Youngcel HPMC / MHEC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-Chemical Auxiliary Agent ye-Tile Adhesive, i-Cement Plaster, i-Dry mix mortar, i-Wall putty, i-Coating, i-Detergent kunye nokunye.Kwaye sinokukunika ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
Iimveliso zethu zithandwa eYiputa, eRashiya, eMzantsi Afrika, kuMbindi Mpuma, eTurkey, eVietnam, eFransi, eItali, eSingapore, eBangladesh, e-Indonesia, eMzantsi Melika njalo njalo. Enkosi kwangaphambili kwaye wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2022